Impacts and Benefits
Offshore wind and New Yorkers
To support the responsible and cost-effective development of offshore wind in the United States, New York is working alongside expert researchers, stakeholders, the federal government, and other Atlantic states to grow a body of research on the impacts and benefits of offshore wind. By measuring and monitoring impacts and benefits, we can inform planning and development, evolve best management practices, and create programs to support new investments in the State and thousands of well-paying jobs for New Yorkers.
For more information about upcoming research products, visit our Ongoing Environmental Research webpage.
Climate and Health
By replacing aging fossil fuel-burning generators, offshore wind energy avoids releasing harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change and harmful air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), that can cause serious localized health impacts, such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and premature death.
- Health and Climate Benefits of Offshore Wind Facilities in the Mid-Atlantic United States [PDF] (Environmental Research Letters, July 2016)
Cultural Resources
Offshore wind development must consider potential impacts to architectural and archaeological resources both onshore and offshore. Advanced studies of these resources help to avoid or minimize impacts.
- Cultural Resources Study (NYSERDA, December 2017)
Economic Growth and Workforce Development
The offshore wind industry will bring billions of dollars of investments and more than 10,000 jobs to New York State.
- Offshore Wind Ports: Cumulative Impacts Study (NYSERDA, May 2022) [PDF]
- Overview of Offshore Wind Opportunities for Experienced Mariners [PDF] (NYSERDA, February 2021)
- U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment [PDF] (AWEA, March 2020)
- Socio-Economic Assessment of Shipping and Navigation for Potential Offshore Wind Development Offshore New York State [PDF] (NYSERDA, April 2018)
- Offshore Wind Policy Options Paper [PDF] (NYSERDA, January 2018)
- The Workforce Opportunity of Offshore Wind in New York [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- U.S. Job Creation in Offshore Wind [PDF] (NYSERDA, October 2017)
- New York State and the Jobs of Offshore Wind Energy [PDF] (WDI, Spring 2017)
- An Assessment of the Economic Potential of Offshore Wind in the United States from 2015 to 2030 (NREL, March 2017)
- Socio-Economic Impact of Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Development on Fisheries in the U.S. Atlantic [PDF] (BOEM, February 2017)
- New York Offshore Wind Cost Reduction Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, February 2015)
- Offshore Wind Jobs and Economic Development Impacts in the United States [PDF] (NREL, February 2015)
Ocean Environment
Renewable energy development is a critical part New York’s plan to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate change. Through extensive resource assessments, wildlife surveys, focused research, and consultations with expert stakeholders, offshore wind developers and the State are working to avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts of development to the environment.
- 22-37 Development of Monitoring Protocols and Guidance for Automated Radio Telemetry Studies at Offshore Wind Farms [PDF]
- 22-35 Creation of a "Data Trust" to Include Fisherman's Knowledge in Offshore Wind Energy Decision Making [PDF]
- New York Bight Offshore Wind Farms: Collaborative Development of Strategies and Tools to Address Commercial Fishing Access [PDF] (NYSERDA 2022)
- Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview [PDF] (NYSERDA 2021)
- Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations [PDF] (BOEM, August 2020)
- The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight [PDF] (NYSERDA, 2019)
- Managing Impacts of Human-generated Noise on Marine Life [PDF] (BOEM, November 2018)
- Habitat Mapping and Assessment of Northeast Wind Energy Areas [PDF] (BOEM, December 2017)
- Consideration of Potential Cumulative Effects [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- Birds and Bats Study (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- Cable Landfall Permitting Stud [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- Environmental Sensitivity Analysis [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- Fish and Fisheries Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- Sand and Gravel Resources Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
- New York Commercial Fisherman Ocean Use Mapping [PDF] (DOS)
Recreation
Coastal and marine recreational activities are a big part of Northeast and Mid-Atlantic culture. From recreational fishing to whale watching to simply walking the dog along the sandy shore, New Yorkers are wondering if and how offshore wind will affect their enjoyment of the natural environment.
- Visibility Threshold Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- Marine Recreational Uses Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)
Resiliency
Offshore wind energy will help to diversify our electricity supply and bring private investments to strengthen and modernize New York’s electricity grid.
- Offshore Wind Climate Adaptation and Resilience Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, February 2021)
Safety
New York State is working closely with offshore wind developers, representatives from the shipping and navigation communities, training programs, and other experts to inform the standardization and implementation of safety measures throughout all stages of project development, construction, and long-term operation.
- Offshore Wind Electrical Safety Standards Harmonization: Workshop Proceedings [PDF] (NREL, June 2020)
- Aviation and Radar Assets Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- Cables, Pipelines, and Other Infrastructure Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- Shipping and Navigation Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, December 2017)
- Health and Safety Study [PDF] (NYSERDA, November 2017)